PMC

Bland-Altman plots to compare the failure load calculated for the 20-mm segments with the failure load calculated for the 10-mm segments (top), the failure load calculated for the 20-mm segments with the experimentally measured failure load (bottom left), and the failure load calculated for the 10-mm segments with the experimentally measured failure load (bottom right)

Note. Scatterplots of Load Cost (low load accuracy minus high load accuracy) as a function of word identification accuracy per condition (mean accuracy for high and low load conditions). Top panel, high-predictability (HP) sentences; bottom panel, low-predictability (LP) sentences HP 4ch, highly degraded 4-channel vocoding; 6ch, moderately degraded 6-channel vocoding; 8ch, mildly degraded 8-channel vocoding. Data are collapsed across order of report (words first or digits first). Note that a positive value for “load cost” indicates the expected direction of the difference, with higher accuracy of word identification under low than high load.

a, Effects of relevant/irrelevant memory load on postcue alpha power. Top, Relevant load effect, or the mean of 3/3, 3/1 minus the mean of 1/3, 1/1. Bottom, Irrelevant load effect, or the mean of 3/3, 1/3 minus the mean of 3/1, 1/1. Dashed lines indicate the boundaries of the time-frequency window used for analysis. Spectral estimates shown are smoothed linearly in both the time and frequency dimension for better visualization. Insets, Topography for the relevant (top) and irrelevant (bottom) load effects. b, Task performance was associated with relevant WM load alpha effect after cued updating. Top, Correlation between the relevant load effect for alpha power difference and the relevant load effect for behavioral accuracy across subjects. Bottom, Correlation between the irrelevant load effect for alpha power difference and the irrelevant load effect for behavioral accuracy across subjects.

Perceptual load and cognitive load had an opposite effect on fixation duration and fixation frequency. (a) Higher perceptual load led to decreased fixation durations but higher cognitive load led to increased fixation durations. (b) Higher perceptual load led to increased fixation frequencies but higher cognitive load led to decreased fixation frequencies. The curly brackets and the asterisk at the bottom of each graph indicate the main effect of the perceptual load where the red and blue curly brackets indicate the mean value of the two red lines and the two blue lines, respectively, and the asterisk at the bottom refers to a significant difference between these two mean values. Error bars refer to one standard error from the mean. * p < 0.05.